News
Swiss Competition Commission (COMCO) cleared the transaction Sunrise | Liberty Global. Swiss Economics accompanied the examination from the outset with economic expertise.
Swiss Economics unterstütze Sunrise in diesem Verfahren in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Anwaltskanzlei Lenz & Staehelin. Unser Team umfasste Samuel Rutz, Michael Funk, Matthias Hafner und Christian Jaag.
Swiss Economics hatte Sunrise bereits im letztjährigen Fusionskontrollverfahren bezüglich der umgekehrten Transaktion erfolgreich unterstützt. Schon damals hatte die WEKO den Zusammenschluss nach vertiefter Prüfung bedingungslos freigegeben. Anschliessend lehnte jedoch die Mehrheit der Aktionäre/innen die Übernahme ab. Nach erneuter Prüfung kam die WEKO zum Schluss, dass die Marktverhältnisse seither weitgehend unverändert blieben.
Who’s Who Legal 2020 featured Samuel Rutz, Michael Funk and Christian Jaag for their outstanding work in competition economics.
Samuel Rutz is mentioned in the following categories:
- - Competition - Economists
- - Experts - Economics - Competition Economists
WWL says: Samuel Rutz is a well-recognised figure in the Swiss market who is commended for his profound knowledge of competition regulation and policy.
Michael Funk is mentioned in the following categories:
- - Competition Future Leaders - Economists
- - Experts - Economics - Competition Economists - Future Leaders
WWL says: Michael Funk receives widespread commendations for his excellent practice, which sees him provide commercially astute analysis on competition policy issues.
Christian Jaag is mentioned in the following categories:
- - Competition - Economists
- - Experts - Economics - Competition Economists
- - Switzerland - Competition Economists
WWL says: Christian Jaag is "highly recommended" as "one of the very best competition economists in Switzerland". Peers and clients say: "Christian is brilliant at connecting academic and abstract thinking to concrete business needs."
Swiss Economics Principal Tobias Binz discusses this question in an article published in the latest issue of Competition and Regulation in Network Industries.
He uses a microeconomic framework to illustrate how firm and market characteristics determine the extent to which economy-wide demand shocks are translated into profit fluctuations. The findings may help regulators to improve the composition of the peer groups that are used to assess airports' Beta risk.
The published article can be accessed online through Competition and Regulation in Network Industries' website. A working paper version is available here.
The Fair Price Initiative aims to introduce the concept of "relative market power" to Swiss competition law. However, from an economic point of view, the concept is not an appropriate instrument to combat the high prices in Switzerland.
Read more (German)
Swiss Economics was commissioned by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) to conduct a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical measures to contain the spread of the coronavirus.
On the 27th of April, two months after they were first introduced, the federal government started to relax the measures to contain the spread of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It cannot be ruled out that this easing will lead to a renewed increase in infection rates or even a second wave of infections.
The Swiss Economics study provides an overview of available evidence on the effectiveness of various measures and indicates which measures would be particularly appropriate to implement in case infection rates start to increase again.
Swiss Economics supported the Irish Commission for Aviation Regulation in determining capital costs over the 2020-24 regulatory period. The Appeals Panel has decided in favour of the Commission of Aviation Regulation regarding appeals about capital costs.
Swiss Economics supported the Irish Commission for Aviation Regulation (CAR) in determining capital costs (WACC) over the 2020-24 regulatory period. After CAR published its projections, appeals have been made by Dublin Airport and Raynair. Among other points, the appeals targeted capital costs. An independent panel has now rejected most points of these appeals including the capital costs. CAR welcomes the decision of the panel and its argumentation. The panel stated that the numbers rely on the evaluation of the current economic conditions and conform with statutory requirements.
Press Release from the Commission for Aviation Regulation (2 June 2020)
Sunrise claims damages of CHF 350 million from Swisscom for abuse of its dominant position in the ADSL wholesale sector. Swiss Economics has supported Sunrise in quantifying the harm from the infringement.
Extract from the press release:
Swisscom abused its dominant market position from 2001 to 2007, and unlawfully hindered the competition with its pricing policy for ADSL services. The former monopolist practised a margin squeeze which made it impossible for Sunrise as a wholesale customer, to operate its ADSL business profitably.
This was confirmed by the Federal Supreme Court on December 9, 2019 after a ten-year appeal process. Swisscom was sentenced to a fine of CHF 186 million.
On the basis of this ruling, Sunrise is claiming damages of CHF 350 million plus interest from Swisscom.
Sunrise commissioned the renowned consulting company Swiss Economics to calculate the damage to Sunrise. This is due to the loss of market share and prevented gain in the broadband Internet market and adjacent markets (landline and mobile communications). The total amounts to CHF 457 million, a greater number than originally assumed. As a precautionary measure to prevent limitation, Sunrise had interrupted the statute of limitation for a claim of CHF 350 million and is filing a claim for damages of CHF 350 million plus interest with the Bern Commercial Court today.
Our team includes Christian Jaag, Michael Funk and Matthias Hafner.
The Swiss Competition Commission has approved a merger between Swiss railway company SBB Cargo and several road freight firms without imposing any remedies. Swiss Economics provided economic evidence related to efficiencies arising from the merger to inform the Commission's thinking.
The Competition Commission found that the investment of Swiss Combi (a joint venture of Planzer, Camion-Transport, Galliker, and Bertschi) in SBB Cargo does not eliminate competition in any of the concerned markets. The decision will increase the economic viability of the Swiss rail freight business and will lead to innovative new services being made available.
During Phase II of the investigation, Swiss Economics, in collaboration with SBB Cargo and law firm Walder Wyss, produced detailed economic evidence of the investment's effects on competition and welfare. The engagement was led by Samuel Rutz, Michael Funk, and Tobias Binz.
We welcome our new team member Dr. Ann-Kathrin Crede, focusing on Behavioral Economics.
Ann-Kathrin Crede works as an economist with a focus on Behavioral Economics. She graduated with her PhD in Behavioral and Experimental Economics at the University of Bern and gained experience in running laboratory and field experiments and in applying behavioural insights to organizations during her time as a research assistant.
She holds a Master’s degree in Economics from the University of Passau and a Bachelor’s degree in Business & Economics and French from the University of Kassel.
The French Autorité de régulation des transports (ART) has published its opinion on the appropriate level of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for Parisian airports Charles de Gaulle, Orly, and Le Bourget.
The opinion will play a central role in the negotiations between Aéroports de Paris Group and the French government regarding the Economic Regulation Agreement over the 2021-25 period.
For the assessment of Beta risk, the regulator relied on evidence provided by Swiss Economics. Our contribution was twofold. First, we analysed what drives airports’ systematic risk and defined risk categories for airports under ART’s mandate. Second, we identified valid comparator airports and determined the level of their Beta risk, using regression analysis of stock returns. Our reports on drivers of Beta risk and comparator Betas can be downloaded directly from ART’s website:
Team members of Swiss Economics awarded by Who is Who Switzerland 2020.
Christian Jaag and Samuel Rutz are highlighted for their excellent work as Competition Economists:
“At Swiss Economics, Christian Jaag has an exemplary ability ‘to convey and explain highly complex matters’ to peers and clients alike. His knowledge and skillset make him a ‘brilliant economist to work with’ and one of the leading names in Switzerland.”
“Samuel Rutz of Swiss Economics has wide-ranging knowledge and extensive experience of competition regulation and policy matters in Switzerland.”
#whoswholegal #wwl #competition
Who's Who Legal and Client Choice honoured Christian Jaag as the best Competition Economist in Switzerland in 2020.
At the inaugural Who's Who Legal Switzerland Awards ceremony on February 12, 2020, in Zurich Christian Jaag received the Competition Economist of the Year 2020 Award. Each year Who's Who Legal presents awards to individuals that have performed exceptionally well in each of the featured practice areas according to Who's Who Legal's research.
To the WWL Switzerland award winners
In addition, Christian Jaag was recently rewarded with the Lexology Client Choice award also for his work as a Competition Economist.
Established in 2005, Client Choice recognises those individuals around the world that stand apart for the excellent client care they provide and the quality of their service. The criteria for this recognition focus on the ability to add real value to clients’ businesses above and beyond the other players in the market.
The World Economic Forum (WEF) attracted not only politicians, managers and scientists to Davos but also Blockchain experts, start-ups and investors. Swiss Economics was delighted to exchange views with them.
During the World Economic Forum (WEF), the incubation space provider of the largest Swiss Blockchain Venture Capitalist, CV Labs, organized several events in Davos designed to showcase and discuss the Blockchain ecosystem. Since Christian Jaag, Matthias Hafner and Jan Christoph Schlegel are mentoring start-ups from the CV Labs incubation program, we were happy to see them pitch and progress, and to exchange views about current topics in the Blockchain ecosystem. Discussions included successful projects Swiss Economics supported in the past. CV VC proudly stated that there are now over 800 Blockchain companies in Switzerland and Lichtenstein. Swiss Economics is looking forward to new exciting collaborations in the Blockchain industry.
Swiss Economics Principal Michael Funk presents his views on the importance of economic analyses in antitrust proceedings during the “Swiss Network on Public Economics”-Workshop at ETH Zurich
At the first workshop of the "Swiss Network on Public Economics" Michael Funk presented a paper on the importance of economic analyses in antitrust proceedings. The focus was on the most recent development in Switzerland, which has resulted in the marginalisation of the economy. This development contrasts with the development in the European Union, where the negative effects of a violation of antitrust law are generally the focus of the proceedings.
The aim of the newly founded network is to strengthen relations between academics and practitioners at universities, in public administrations, the Swiss National Bank and private institutions.
Congratulations to Swiss Economics Counsel Christian Jaag for being recognized as a thought leader in the topic of competition by Who's Who Legal.
Swiss Economics supports the second incubation program of the largest investment ecosystem for start-ups using the Blockchain technology in Zug, Switzerland (CV Labs Incubation Program).
Recently, Christian Jaag and Matthias Hafner met the start-ups and presented their expertise and experience in platform and monetary economics for token-based projects. In their workshop they discussed characteristics, considerations and decisions to be made when designing token-based ecosystems.
We are delighted to welcome Nina Schnyder and Stephan Minger to the team and congratulate Andreas Stritt on his promotion.
Andreas Stritt has been with Swiss Economics since 2022 and has been promoted to Economist. He focuses on energy, transport and competition economics. He earned a Master's degree in economics from the University of Berne, with a focus on data analysis and industrial economics.
Nina Schnyder also joins the team as an Economist. She holds a Master's degree in Environmental Economics from the London School of Economics. After graduating, she worked as an energy and environmental consultant in London and Berlin and will continue to specialize in these areas at Swiss Economics.
Stephan Minger joins Swiss Economics as an Analyst. He holds a Master's degree in Economics from the University of St. Gallen with a focus on financial economics and data analysis. During his studies, he worked as a reasearch assistant in the areas of financial market econometrics, derivatives and monetary policy.
We are confident that their skills and experience will be a valuable addition to our team.
We warmly welcome Winand Emons to our team as a consultant!
We are pleased to welcome Prof. emer. Dr. Winand Emons as a counsel to the Swiss Economics team. He strengthens our team especially in the area of competition economics. Winand Emons has not only distinguished himself in research and teaching at the University of Bern, but has also held important positions as a member of the Competition Commission, Dean and Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences and a member of the Research Commission of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). His work in his main research focus in the areas of law and economics, microeconomics and competition economics led to numerous publications in renowned journals.
We warmly welcome Winand Emons and wish him success and pleasure in his new activities for Swiss Economics.
Swiss Economics has supported the AZ Regionalfernsehen AG and CH Media in their applications for broadcasting licenses for the years 2025 to 2034.
AZ Regionalfernsehen AG successfully applied with Tele M1 and TeleBärn for the broadcasting licenses in the Aargau/Solothurn and Bern regions. An expert opinion from Swiss Economics was submitted as part of the application. Swiss Economics prepared a second report for CH Media too, that led to a similar success. CH Media has acquired with Radio Central the local radio broadcasting license for the Central-Switzerland region.
Our reports examined in particular the influence of the award of the license on the diversity of offerings and opinions. The focus was on the conflict of objectives between the strict structural independence of broadcasters and their possibility of offering a diverse program. The positive externality of media content for democratic decision-making, which justifies state support for public service, only exists if viewers are truly interested in the broadcasted content. Very small, but structurally independent media providers are usually unable to build up the necessary reach with their limited financial resources, e.g. due to the lack of economies of scale. In addition, there are strong incentives to provide a diverse program, particularly in concentrated media markets.
Swiss Economics concludes in its reports that the synergy benefits and the strengthening of regional media in journalistic competition outweigh any concerns regarding structural independence.
Click here for the project entry on our website.
We welcome Maida Sabotic and Elena Zarkovic to our team and congratulate Seline Spillman and Leah Meyer de Stadelhofen on their promotions.
Seline Spillmann joins our team as Economist. Her focus is on data analysis in various topics as well as labor economics. Among other things, she is active in the fields of competition economics and health. In her master she studied economics at the University of Zurich with a focus on econometrics. During her studies, she worked as a Research Assistant in the area of globalization and labor markets at the University of Zurich.
Elena Zarković joins us as an analyst. She studied economics and business administration in her bachelor's at the University of St. Gallen, where she also earned an additional certificate in Data Science Fundamentals. During her studies, she worked as a research assistant at the Swiss Institute for International Economics and Applied Economic Research at the University of St. Gallen.
Maida Sabotic joins the Swiss Economics team as an Economist. Her areas of expertise include economic policy and data analysis. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Economics, Politics and History from the University of Zurich as well as Master's degree in Economics and Data Science. During her studies she worked at the Institute of Economics at the University of Zurich. After her Master's degree, she completed an internship in economic development cooperation at the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs.
Leah Meyer de Stadelhofen joins our team as an Economist, focusing on behavioral economics, industrial economics and data analysis. Her areas of expertise include regulation, environmental economics, and energy. In addition, Leah joins our Romandie department and is thus involved in the development of Swiss Economics in French-speaking Switzerland and France. She holds a Master in Economics from the University of Lausanne with a specialization in Behavior, Economics, and Evolution. During her studies, she worked as a Teaching Assistant in Microeconomics.
We congratulate all of them and wish them much success and joy in their new activities for Swiss Economics.
We warmly congratulate our staff member, Nicolals Greber, on receiving the ACCL Award for his Master's thesis! The award ceremony took place on 19 September at the Atelier de la Concurrence in Bern.
In his Master's thesis, Nicolas Greber examined the behaviour of self-learning pricing algorithms. Recent studies have shown that certain AI pricing algorithms are able to learn tacit collusion in oligopoly models. Nicolas picked up there with his master's thesis, analysing the behaviour of two more recent AI pricing algorithms. The first algorithm, known as the "deep deterministic policy gradient", failed to achieve constant convergence. In contrast, the second algorithm, the "multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient", achieved consistent results in a Nash equilibrium. These findings were confirmed by various robustness tests.
We wish Nicolas all the best and success in his PhD at the University of Zürich and in his work for Swiss Economics.
Last weekend we celebrated our 15th anniversary with a visit to the power station, dinner and an overnight stay at the Grimsel Hospiz!
Last weekend we spent an unforgettable time together at the Grimsel Hospiz, surrounded by the breathtaking scenery of the Grimsel region.
Highlights included exciting excursions to the hydroelectric power plant and the impressive Aare Gorge, and a delicious 5-course meal. These experiences deepen our appreciation for 15 years of successful projects.
As passionate economists, we are proud of our continuous growth. This journey would not have been possible without our dedicated team and inspiring projects.
Here's to the next exciting chapters full of success and exciting projects!
In a recent presentation at the Blockchance conference in Hamburg, Matthias Hafner explored the factors that influence the stability of stablecoins and discussed how they relate to recent developments in CBDCs and the tokenization of real-world assets.
Drawing from recent literature, including his own research conducted at the University of Zurich, Matthias Hafner emphasized that the construction and management of collateral are key determinants of stablecoin stability. While externally derived collateral value may compromise the independence of the stablecoin ecosystem, collateral value derived from within the ecosystem carries the risk of death spirals, as observed with TerraUSD. Additionally, centralized management may offer cost-effectiveness but exposes the stablecoin ecosystem to the risk of bank runs, as exemplified by the recent USDC depeg incident.
Further, Matthias Hafner argued that the advent of CBDCs and tokenized real-world assets could potentially put pressure on the demand for stablecoins in the future. This could, for example, result in the need to introduce solutions for stablecoins that offer interest payments based on their underlying collateral.
More detailed information can be found here:
Blockchance presentation slides
Matthias Hafner's research on stablecoins
We are happy to announce that Matthias Hafner has been promoted to Principal. Nicolas Oderbolz has been supporting our team as an Economist since the beginning of this year.
Matthias Hafner supports our team with immediate effect as a Principal and remains the Director of the Center for Cryptoeconomics.
His areas of expertise include financial services, blockchains and cryptoassets.
With his expertise and many years of experience, he will continue to make an indispensable contribution to the further development of these areas. Matthias regularly advises large companies and public authorities and supports start-ups in the implementation of their projects. In addition, he is writing his dissertation and teaches at the University of Zurich on various crypto topics. Before joining Swiss Economics in 2016, he worked at the Competition Commission.
Nicolas Oderbolz has joined Swiss Economics as an Economist with a focus on regulation, health and blockchain. He is involved in various projects in the fields of energy, data analytics and cryptoassets.
Nicolas completed his Bachelor and Master studies in Economics at the University of Zurich, with a focus on empirical methods and data analysis. During his studies, he worked as a research assistant at the University of Zurich in the field of labour and development economics. He has been a valuable part of the Swiss Economics team since the summer of 2022.
We congratulate both of them and wish them much success and joy in their new activities for Swiss Economics.
The article "Blockchain und ihre Anwendungen" by Matthias Hafner and Dr. Christian Jaag was recently published in the quarterly issue of the zsis) Centre for Swiss and International Tax Law.
In their contribution, they explain how blockchain works through illustrative examples and use cases. In addition, they explain the legal classification of crypto-assets and show the limits of the technology.
The publication can be accessed here.
Matthias Hafner presented his research on stablecoins at the Wolfram ChainScience conference in Boston, USA.
The article, "The Four Types of Stablecoins: A Comparative Analysis" (jointly with Marco Henriques Pereira, Prof. Dr. Helmut Dietl, and Juan Beccuti) discusses the conditions under which stablecoins may lose their value. Among others, they explore the crash of Terra and the de- and re-peg of the USDC stablecoin.
Link to the slides: The Four Types of Stablecoins (swiss-economics.ch)
In less than a week, the Shanghai-update is going to be realized on the Ethereum Beacon Chain. This long-anticipated event in the blockchain community motivated us to discuss and compare staking designs of different blockchains in a series of blog post.
In our second blog post of this series, we analyze and compare the staking designs of different blockchains from an economic perspective. To make the information more accessible and compact, we also created a table which can serve as a quick reference.
You can find the whole publication and our new Company Profile on Medium.
Don't hesitate to follow us there to stay updated on our upcoming publications!